{"dataset":"Crafts","table":"Crafts","source":{"label":"BCPCH Pusaka, the CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art and published research, each craft with its sources","href":"https://betterbarmm.com/crafts"},"licence":"CC BY 4.0","generatedAt":"2026-10-27T08:11:19.387Z","columns":[{"name":"slug","type":"text","description":"Identifier"},{"name":"name","type":"text","description":"Name"},{"name":"local_name","type":"text","description":"Name in the language of its makers"},{"name":"kind","type":"text","description":"Kind of craft"},{"name":"people","type":"text","description":"The people who make it"},{"name":"province","type":"text","description":"Province or area (slug)"},{"name":"towns","type":"list","description":"Towns, semicolon-separated"},{"name":"summary","type":"text","description":"What it is"},{"name":"materials","type":"text","description":"What it is made from"},{"name":"heritage_status","type":"list","description":"Heritage status and the body that gave it, semicolon-separated"},{"name":"sources","type":"list","description":"Sources, semicolon-separated"}],"rows":[{"slug":"inaul","name":"Inaul","local_name":"inaul (Maguindanaon)","kind":"textile","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao-del-sur","towns":"Buluan; Datu Piang; Sultan Kudarat; Sultan Mastura","summary":"Inaul is the handwoven cloth of the Maguindanaon; the word itself means \"woven\", and the cloth is mostly sold and worn as a malong. Its patterns are passed down in families, some are inspired by stories, objects or emotions, and some designs were once reserved for royal houses.","materials":"Cotton (tanor), rayon and shiny katiyado thread; much of the silk thread is sourced from China","heritage_status":"At risk, BCPCH; Taught in a School of Living Traditions, BCPCH","sources":"https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/inaul-weaving-one-maguindanao; https://ptvnews.ph/reviving-dying-inaul-industry-thru-festival-maguindanao/; https://www.rappler.com/culture-desk/style/226823-maguindanao-weaving-tradition-inaul/; https://bworldonline.com/arts-and-leisure/2018/01/29/118283/inaul-weaving-festival-serves-centerpiece-armm-tourism/; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malong; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=30"},{"slug":"malong-a-landap","name":"Malong a landap","local_name":"malong a landap (Maranao)","kind":"textile","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Marawi City; Tugaya","summary":"The malong a landap is the Maranao tube skirt made of broad plain-coloured panels joined by woven langkit bands. Handwoven landap are costly and worn at social functions, and their colours carry rank: yellow for sultans, red for warriors and green for imams.","materials":"Silk or rayon, with cotton or rayon langkit bands","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malong; https://www.metrocagayandemisamis.com/2026/02/19/the-heart-of-tradition-the-keeper-of-the-okir/; https://narrastudio.com/blogs/journal/langkit-weaving-binding-fabrics-connecting-maranao-communities; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://tribune.net.ph/2024/08/13/langkit-festival"},{"slug":"langkit","name":"Langkit","local_name":"langkit (Maranao)","kind":"textile","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Marawi City; Tugaya","summary":"Langkit are narrow, multicoloured woven strips that join and decorate the panels of a Maranao malong. A trained eye could once tell which part of the Lake Lanao region a person came from by the patterns of their malong and langkit.","materials":"Coloured thread (silk, cotton or rayon)","heritage_status":"In the national heritage inventory, NCCA","sources":"https://www.metrocagayandemisamis.com/2024/08/17/langkit-weaving-tradition-through-the-market-maze/; https://www.metrocagayandemisamis.com/2026/02/19/the-heart-of-tradition-the-keeper-of-the-okir/; https://tribune.net.ph/2024/08/13/langkit-festival; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okir; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=42"},{"slug":"yakan-tennun","name":"Yakan weaving","local_name":"tennun (Yakan); seputangan, bunga sama","kind":"textile","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"Lamitan City","summary":"Yakan tennun is the dense, brightly patterned woven cloth of the Yakan of Basilan, made in named categories such as the seputangan, sinaluan and bunga sama. The seputangan, worn by women at the waist or as a head cloth, is the most intricate design.","materials":"Traditionally pineapple and abaca fibre coloured with plant dyes; chemical dyes are now common","heritage_status":"National Living Treasure craft, NCCA; Taught in a School of Living Traditions, BCPCH","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakan_people; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalang_Ausalin; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Living_Treasures_Award; https://www.sunstar.com.ph/zamboanga/lami-lamihan-festival-2025-reels-off; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=57"},{"slug":"tepo","name":"Sama pandan mat","local_name":"tepo (Sama)","kind":"mat","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"Tandubas (Ungos Matata); Mapun","summary":"Tepo are the pandan mats of the Sama of Tawi-Tawi, woven in stripes, multicoloured squares, checks and zigzags. Mats from Ungos Matata island in Tandubas are less pliable but more vivid in colour than the softer mats of Laminusa in Sulu.","materials":"Pandan leaves (Pandanus), dyed","heritage_status":"National Living Treasure craft, NCCA; In the national heritage inventory, NCCA; Taught in a School of Living Traditions, BCPCH","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banig; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haja_Amina_Appi; https://tribune.net.ph/2024/10/25/tepo-mat-weaver-laminusa-siasi; https://tribune.net.ph/2025/10/27/traditional-weaver-from-tawi-tawi; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Living_Treasures_Award; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=110"},{"slug":"gador","name":"Maranao brass urn","local_name":"gador / gadur (Maranao)","kind":"brass","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Tugaya","summary":"The gador is a lidded Maranao brass urn, cast in traditional forms and often made in pairs. Its silver-inlaid floral and geometric okir decoration is what sets Maranao brassware apart from that of the rest of island Southeast Asia.","materials":"Brass or bronze, with silver inlay","heritage_status":"In the national heritage inventory, NCCA","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://web.archive.org/web/20260606013421/https://old.pcij.org/stories/armm-town-thrives-on-traditional-arts/; https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1250509; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torogan; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=10; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=21; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=37"},{"slug":"lotowan","name":"Maranao betel box","local_name":"lotowan / lutuan (Maranao)","kind":"brass","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"The lotowan is a lidded brass box for betel nut and its ingredients, part of the Maranao betel (sireh) set. Museum pieces from Lanao del Sur are covered in silver-inlaid okir scrolls and flowers.","materials":"Brass with silver inlay; some sets carry a beaded strap","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/33794; https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1250509; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya"},{"slug":"kulintang","name":"Kulintang","local_name":"kulintang (Maguindanaon); kolintang (Maranao)","kind":"instrument","people":"Maguindanaon, Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Tugaya","summary":"The kulintang is a row of 5 to 9 small knobbed gongs laid on a frame and played as the melody of an ensemble with larger hanging gongs and a drum. There is no fixed tuning, so every set has its own pitch, intervals and tone.","materials":"Bronze traditionally, now mostly brass; wooden or bamboo frame","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulintang; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/okir-art-exhibit-cagayan-de-oro-art-cool-maranao-youth/; https://tribune.net.ph/2024/08/13/langkit-festival; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=22"},{"slug":"agung","name":"Agung","local_name":"agung / agong (Maguindanaon, Maranao)","kind":"instrument","people":"Maguindanaon, Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Tugaya","summary":"The agung is a pair of large, wide-rimmed hanging gongs that give the bass in a kulintang ensemble. It has a much deeper turned-in rim than the gandingan and usually weighs 13–16 pounds.","materials":"Bronze, brass or iron","heritage_status":"National Living Treasure art, NCCA","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agung; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=27; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=64"},{"slug":"gandingan","name":"Gandingan","local_name":"gandingan (Maguindanaon)","kind":"instrument","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"The gandingan is a set of four large, thin-rimmed hanging gongs that act as the second melody in the Maguindanaon kulintang ensemble. Played alone it imitates the tones of speech, so it is called the \"talking gongs\" and was used to send messages over distances.","materials":"Bronze traditionally; now often steel or galvanised steel sheet","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandingan; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=25"},{"slug":"kutiyapi","name":"Kutiyapi","local_name":"kutiyapi / kutyapi (Maguindanaon); kotyapi (Maranao)","kind":"instrument","people":"Maguindanaon, Maranao","province":"maguindanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"The kutiyapi is a two-stringed, fretted boat lute about 4–6 feet long, carved from a single piece of soft wood. One string plays a constant drone while the other, an octave higher, carries the melody.","materials":"Jackfruit or other soft wood; frets of hardened beeswax; rattan or plastic plectrum","heritage_status":"National Living Treasure art, NCCA; At risk, BCPCH","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutiyapi; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaon_Sulaiman; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Living_Treasures_Award"},{"slug":"dabakan","name":"Dabakan drum","local_name":"dabakan (Maguindanaon); dadabuan (Maranao)","kind":"instrument","people":"Maguindanaon, Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Tugaya","summary":"The dabakan is a single-headed goblet or hourglass drum, the only non-gong instrument of the Maguindanaon kulintang ensemble. Maranao makers carve the outside of the shell with okir.","materials":"Coconut-trunk or jackfruit wood; goat, carabao, deer or lizard skin; rattan hoops","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabakan; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutiyapi; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=24; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=36"},{"slug":"okir-baul","name":"Okir woodcarving and inlaid chests","local_name":"okir; baul / baur (Maranao)","kind":"carving","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Tugaya","summary":"Okir is the Maranao art of flowing plant-based scrolls, split into a curvilinear \"male\" style (okir-a-dato) and a geometric \"female\" style (okir-a-bai). In Tugaya it is carved into baul chests inlaid with polished shell and into drums, furniture and other woodwork.","materials":"Hardwood with mother-of-pearl (tipay) shell inlay","heritage_status":"In the national heritage inventory, NCCA","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okir; https://web.archive.org/web/20260606013421/https://old.pcij.org/stories/armm-town-thrives-on-traditional-arts/; https://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/okir-art-exhibit-cagayan-de-oro-art-cool-maranao-youth/; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=35; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=45"},{"slug":"panolong","name":"Torogan panolong","local_name":"panolong (Maranao)","kind":"carving","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Marawi City; Marantao","summary":"Panolong are the large wing-like carved beam-ends that jut from the front of a torogan, the Maranao royal house. Modelled on the prows of Maranao boats, they make the house look like a royal vessel and are carved with the naga sea serpent and other okir.","materials":"Hardwood, carved and painted","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torogan; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okir; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaya; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=34; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=46"},{"slug":"sarimanok","name":"Sarimanok","local_name":"sarimanok; papanok (Maranao)","kind":"carving","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"The sarimanok is the legendary bird of the Maranao, shown as a fowl with colourful wings and tail holding a fish in its beak or claws. It is the best-known symbol of Maranao art and stands for good fortune.","materials":"Carved and painted wood","heritage_status":"In the national heritage inventory, NCCA","sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarimanok; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okir; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maranao_people; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=47"},{"slug":"kampilan","name":"Kampilan","local_name":"kampilan; kifing (Maranao); parang kampilan (Iranun)","kind":"blade","people":"Maranao, Maguindanaon, Iranun","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"The kampilan is a heritage long sword, 90–100 cm long, whose single-edged blade widens toward the tip. Its forked pommel is carved as a crocodile, sea serpent, hornbill or cockatoo.","materials":"Laminated (pattern-welded) steel; carved wooden hilt","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampilan; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=40"},{"slug":"kalis","name":"Kris sword","local_name":"kalis; sundang (Maranao, Maguindanaon)","kind":"blade","people":"Maranao, Maguindanaon","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"Tugaya","summary":"The kalis is the Philippine kris: a double-edged sword, larger than the Javanese dagger, with a blade that is straight, wavy near the hilt or fully wavy. The kris appears on the flag of the Bangsamoro region as a symbol of Moro identity.","materials":"Forged steel; hardwood pommel, sometimes with silver, brass or swasaa bands; rattan-bound hardwood scabbard","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalis; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris; https://web.archive.org/web/20260606013421/https://old.pcij.org/stories/armm-town-thrives-on-traditional-arts/; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=41"},{"slug":"sipil","name":"Sipil","local_name":"sipil (Maguindanaon)","kind":"brass","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A brass box in five sections that keeps the apug, namat and maman of a betel chew clean. It carries the Maguindanaon custom of chewing betel nut.","materials":"Brass","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=9; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=21"},{"slug":"patakiya","name":"Patakiya","local_name":"patakiya (Maguindanaon)","kind":"brass","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A brass vessel kept as a lemba, a piece for display, and set out at Maguindanaon celebrations, above all weddings.","materials":"Brass","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=11; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=21"},{"slug":"dudan","name":"Dudan","local_name":"dudan (Maguindanaon)","kind":"brass","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A vessel of galang, or brass, made for the custom of chewing and dipping tobacco.","materials":"Brass (galang)","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=12; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=21"},{"slug":"langgaman","name":"Langgaman","local_name":"langgaman (Maguindanaon)","kind":"blade","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A harvesting knife of steel and wood made to reach deep into thick rice stalks. Each harvest it is used for counts as a good one.","materials":"Steel and wood","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=13"},{"slug":"sayap-buyang","name":"Sayap and buyang","local_name":"sayap; buyang (Maguindanaon)","kind":"basketry","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"The sayap is a wide-brimmed hat and the buyang a hand fan, both woven from palm leaves.","materials":"Sayap: pandan, buri palm, coconut leaves, water hyacinth and other palms. Buyang: buri and anahaw palm.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=14"},{"slug":"tudong","name":"Tudong","local_name":"tudong (Maguindanaon)","kind":"basketry","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A food cover woven from pandan dyed yellow, green, maroon and violet, stiffened underneath with coconut leaves and bamboo strips.","materials":"Dyed pandan, coconut leaves and bamboo strips","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=15"},{"slug":"binangga","name":"Binangga","local_name":"binangga (Maguindanaon)","kind":"pottery","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A clay pot that held the water in Maguindanaon homes. The porous clay gave the water a taste of its own.","materials":"Clay","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=16; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=29"},{"slug":"sundang","name":"Sundang","local_name":"sundang; lanti, the wavy blade (Maguindanaon)","kind":"blade","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A Moro blade made straight (matidtu) or wavy (lanti), the waves likened to the flames of the naga, the mythical serpent. Maguindanaon warriors carried it.","materials":"Steel","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=17; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=41"},{"slug":"binuwaya","name":"Binuwaya","local_name":"bolo; binuwaya (Maguindanaon)","kind":"blade","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"The blade of the highest-ranking Maguindanaon soldiers. Its three parts stand for three communities: Rajah Buayan in the blade, Datu Maguindanao in the middle and Sultan Kabuntalan in the handle.","materials":"Steel and wood","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=19"},{"slug":"babendil","name":"Babendil","local_name":"babendil (Maguindanaon)","kind":"instrument","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"The timekeeper of the kulintang ensemble: a gong about a foot across, larger than the largest kulintang gong and near the size of the agong.","materials":"","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=26; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babendil"},{"slug":"obul-obul","name":"Obul-obul","local_name":"obul-obul (Maguindanaon)","kind":"ornament","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"A Maguindanaon wedding decoration, hung with the pandala, sambulayang, bagiyuntay, pamanay and lansay, in many designs and bright colours.","materials":"","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=31"},{"slug":"gunong","name":"Gunong","local_name":"gunong (Maranao)","kind":"blade","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"A Maranao dagger with a straight or curved blade, made for cutting and stabbing. Once a weapon, it is now kept as heritage.","materials":"Steel","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=38; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunong"},{"slug":"igaan","name":"Igaan","local_name":"igaan (Maranao)","kind":"carving","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"A Maranao bed: the frame carved with okir, the mattress, pillows and canopy trimmed with langkit.","materials":"Carved wood; langkit-trimmed bedding","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=39"},{"slug":"mamaan","name":"Mamaan","local_name":"mamaan (Maranao)","kind":"brass","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"A brass betel-nut box decorated with okir, with a section each for the betel nut, the slaked lime and the betel leaf.","materials":"Brass","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=43; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v3/v17.pdf"},{"slug":"mamandiyang","name":"Mamandiyang","local_name":"mamandiyang (Maranao)","kind":"textile","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"A brightly coloured Maranao hanging in okir designs.","materials":"","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=44"},{"slug":"satora","name":"Satora","local_name":"satora; kanduma (Maranao)","kind":"carving","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"Maranao chess, played on a board of its own architectural layout. Sultans, datus and other respected people play it with family and friends, often in the torogan.","materials":"Carved wood","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=49"},{"slug":"glat","name":"Glat","local_name":"glat (Maranao)","kind":"blade","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"A cutting tool of everyday Maranao life, and a point of pride in its making.","materials":"Steel and wood","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=50"},{"slug":"tanyak-tanyak","name":"Tanyak-tanyak","local_name":"tanyak-tanyak (Yakan)","kind":"ornament","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"The face painting of a Yakan wedding. White circles, dots, stars and other marks on the bride’s and groom’s faces and hands stand for heavenly witnesses to their vows.","materials":"Borak sinah, a paste of rice flour and water","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=54"},{"slug":"yakan-wedding","name":"Yakan wedding dress","local_name":"pamakey pangantin (Yakan)","kind":"attire","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"At a Yakan wedding the couple dress in rich woven cloth and both wear tanyak-tanyak, a sign of love and harmony. The wedding is a community’s event as much as the couple’s.","materials":"Yakan tennun","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=59; https://sil-philippines-languages.org/online/yka/dict/lexicon/lx04369.html"},{"slug":"yakan-attire","name":"Yakan dress","local_name":"pilis, kandit, sawwal; saputangan, badju lapih (Yakan)","kind":"attire","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"Men wear the pilis headdress, a red kandit cloth 10 to 15 metres long wound round the waist, and sawwal trousers finished with jambu tassels. Women wear the saputangan headscarf and the badju lapih, a blouse with close sleeves.","materials":"Yakan tennun; silk tassels","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=61"},{"slug":"kulaing","name":"Kulaing","local_name":"kulaing (Yakan)","kind":"instrument","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"A jaw harp cut from a strip of bamboo about 2 centimetres wide.","materials":"Bamboo","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=65; https://sil-philippines-languages.org/online/yka/dict/lexicon/lx02304.html"},{"slug":"gabbang","name":"Gabbang","local_name":"gabbang (Yakan, Sama)","kind":"instrument","people":"Yakan and Sama","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"A xylophone of trapezoidal bamboo bars of different lengths set over a resonator, each bar carved to its own note and struck with mallets. It is played in Tawi-Tawi too, at dances, celebrations and gatherings.","materials":"Bamboo","heritage_status":"National Living Treasure art, NCCA; In the national heritage inventory, NCCA","sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=66; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=97; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v4.pdf"},{"slug":"suling","name":"Suling","local_name":"suling (Yakan)","kind":"instrument","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"A bamboo flute with carefully placed holes. Players learn both how to play it and what each melody means.","materials":"Bamboo","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=67; https://sil-philippines-languages.org/online/yka/dict/lexicon/lx04617.html"},{"slug":"barung","name":"Barung","local_name":"barung (Yakan)","kind":"blade","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"The Yakan barung has a leaf-shaped blade carved with ukil near the edge and grip, a wooden pommel sheathed in silver, and a sheath set with old coins and tipay shell.","materials":"Steel, wood, silver, coins and shell","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=68"},{"slug":"punyal","name":"Punyal","local_name":"punyal (Yakan)","kind":"blade","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"A small kris for stabbing at close quarters, kept in a sheath and worn below the waist.","materials":"Steel and wood","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=69; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunong"},{"slug":"bangka-bangka","name":"Bangka-bangka","local_name":"bangka-bangka (Sama)","kind":"basketry","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"A boat-shaped container woven from pandan, for serving delicacies and fruit.","materials":"Pandan","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=95"},{"slug":"dulang-latal","name":"Dulang and latal","local_name":"dulang kamaasan (Sama)","kind":"basketry","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"A set of trays woven from nito vine for presenting delicacies and fruit, a sign of generosity and of Tawi-Tawi’s feasting tradition.","materials":"Nito vine","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=96"},{"slug":"habol-tiyahian","name":"Habol tiyahian","local_name":"habul tyahian (Tausug); olos tinahian (Sama)","kind":"textile","people":"Sama and Tausug","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"Cotton or silk cloth embroidered in bright DMC thread with ukkil or floral designs.","materials":"Cotton or silk; DMC embroidery thread","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=99; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v46.pdf"},{"slug":"kabkab","name":"Kabkab","local_name":"kabkab (Sama)","kind":"basketry","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"Sibutu","summary":"A hand fan woven from pandan in intricate designs by the women of Sibutu.","materials":"Pandan","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=100"},{"slug":"tutup","name":"Tutup","local_name":"tutup (Sama)","kind":"basketry","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"A colourful food cover of pandan and bamboo strips in geometric patterns.","materials":"Pandan and bamboo strips","heritage_status":"Taught in a School of Living Traditions, BCPCH","sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=101; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v46.pdf; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v42.pdf"},{"slug":"kumpit","name":"Kumpit","local_name":"kumpit (Sama)","kind":"boat","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"A wooden boat that Tawi-Tawi’s islanders long relied on as their main way to travel, and a houseboat for the Sama-Badjao.","materials":"Wood","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=103; https://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/sites/default/files/no._064_philippinesreport.pdf"},{"slug":"quran-lihal","name":"Qur’an lihal","local_name":"lihal (Sama)","kind":"carving","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"A folding stand of carved mahogany that holds the Qur’an for reading and study. Tawi-Tawi is held to be where Islam first reached the archipelago.","materials":"Mahogany","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=105"},{"slug":"sablay-sawwal","name":"Sablay and sawwal","local_name":"sablay; sawwal (Sama, Tausug)","kind":"attire","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"Women’s dress: the long-sleeved sablay falls to the hips, its front covered by a simpay fastened with karusang pins, worn with patadjug or sawwal trousers and a kamban shawl or papanda scarf.","materials":"Silk or brocade","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=106; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v42.pdf"},{"slug":"sambra","name":"Sambra","local_name":"sambra (Sama)","kind":"attire","people":"Sama","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"A short-sleeved blouse for every day, plainer than the batawi and sablay, in designs drawn from siyang batik.","materials":"","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=107"},{"slug":"badju-sama","name":"Badju’ Sama","local_name":"badju’ Sama (Sama-Badjao)","kind":"attire","people":"Sama-Badjao","province":"tawi-tawi","towns":"","summary":"Sama-Badjao dress in green and yellow, the colours of the Tawi-Tawi islands, and a sign of Sama-Badjao identity and pride.","materials":"","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=109; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v4.pdf"},{"slug":"monom","name":"Monom basketry","local_name":"monom (Teduray)","kind":"basketry","people":"Teduray","province":"maguindanao-del-norte","towns":"Upi; South Upi; Datu Blah Sinsuat","summary":"Monom is the Teduray tradition of weaving baskets and hats from bamboo, rattan and nito, carried on in the uplands of Upi, South Upi and parts of Datu Blah Sinsuat. The Teduray have a word for every part of a basket, every step of the work and every design, and a 1994 encyclopedia ranks them among the most accomplished basket weavers of the country's cultural communities.","materials":"Pawa, a thin and light bamboo (genus Bambusa); teel, the Teduray word for uway rattan (genus Calamus), for the rims; nito (Lygodium circinnatum), a climbing fern, to sew the rims. The black colour, buring, is soot (in 2014, from a small block of burnt tyre rubber) fixed with the sap of camote leaves; weavers now also use bright synthetic dyes.","heritage_status":"Taught in a School of Living Traditions, BCPCH","sources":"https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/monom-teduray-weaving-tradition; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/monom-of-the-indigenous-people/; https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v49.pdf; https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/bangsamoro-museum-marks-7th-anniversary-with-hands-on-cultural-workshops/; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/bangsamoro-museum-marks-7th-anniversary-with-sayaf-making-workshop-celebrating-living-heritage/; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/recognition-of-bangsamoro-cultural-artists-and-artisans/; https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/barmm-turns-over-weaving-handlooms-to-ip-group-and-pdl-facilities/; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/school-of-living-traditions/"},{"slug":"tubao","name":"Tubao headcloth","local_name":"tubao (Maranao; also used in Maguindanaon)","kind":"attire","people":"Maranao, Maguindanaon, Iranun, Teduray","province":"maguindanao","towns":"","summary":"The tubao is a square handwoven cloth worn mostly by men as a headcloth, used by most Bangsamoro groups and some lumad peoples of Mindanao. The word is Maranao and was later taken up by the Maguindanaon. How it is tied tells others whether the wearer is single, married, separated, widowed or of a royal family.","materials":"Handwoven cloth in plain or banded colour fields, usually red; the pieces in the BCPCH collection measure about 68 x 68 cm and 65 x 61 cm.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Woven-Heritage-Tempered-Indentity-Catalogue.pdf#page=12; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Woven-Heritage-Tempered-Indentity-Catalogue.pdf#page=13"},{"slug":"pira","name":"Pira","local_name":"pira (Yakan)","kind":"blade","people":"Yakan","province":"basilan","towns":"","summary":"The pira is the Yakan's favoured working and fighting blade: single-edged and heavy, narrow near the hilt and widening to a broad tip. It is a tool for the farm as much as for fighting, so it is not used in ceremonies, does not show status and is not accepted as dowry.","materials":"Steel blade; hilt of wood or carabao horn; metal ferrule; braided twine grip; wooden scabbard carved with ukkil and lashed with rattan. The piece in the BCPCH collection has a 38 cm blade and is 53 cm overall.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Woven-Heritage-Tempered-Indentity-Catalogue.pdf#page=30; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Woven-Heritage-Tempered-Indentity-Catalogue.pdf#page=31"},{"slug":"cotabato-brassware","name":"Cotabato brassware","local_name":"garul (Iranun)","kind":"brass","people":"Iranun","province":"cotabato-city","towns":"Cotabato City (Kalanganan); Sultan Kudarat","summary":"Cotabato has its own brass-casting tradition, best known for the low, finely hand-engraved garul; in 1994 the CCP Encyclopedia credited it to the Iranun and ranked it second only to Maranao brass. In Cotabato City the Cotabato Brassware Association, whose craftsmen come from the Kalanganan district and nearby Sultan Kudarat, makes traditional brassware for export from scrap bronze.","materials":"Brass, cast from scrap bronze.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v3/v17.pdf; https://www.philstar.com/nation/2014/10/11/1379034/cotabato-brass-producers-awarded-new-equipment/amp/"},{"slug":"water-hyacinth-craft","name":"Water hyacinth crafts","local_name":"pusaw (Maguindanaon)","kind":"basketry","people":"Maguindanaon","province":"maguindanao-del-sur","towns":"General S.K. Pendatun; Cotabato City","summary":"Water hyacinth covers much of the Liguasan Marsh and clogs the Rio Grande de Mindanao, and Maguindanaon communities dry, braid and weave its stalks into bags, pouches, slippers, mats and home decor. The BCPCH teaches it in its School of Living Tradition alongside inaul weaving and brassware making.","materials":"Dried stalks of the water hyacinth variety called pusaw in Maguindanaon, harvested in the Liguasan Marsh; the butiti and sawa varieties are not recommended. Dye is optional.","heritage_status":"Taught in a School of Living Traditions, BCPCH","sources":"https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/school-of-living-traditions/; https://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/01/18/898442/moro-communities-eye-abundant-water-hyacinths-income-source/amp/; https://www.philstar.com/nation/2014/10/11/1379034/cotabato-brass-producers-awarded-new-equipment/amp/; https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/bcpch-advances-cultural-preservation-thru-weaving-training-in-sga/; https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Page_Compressed-BARMM-CTB_009-downsize-version-1-compressed.pdf#page=14"},{"slug":"lakub","name":"Lakub","local_name":"lakub (Maranao)","kind":"carving","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"The lakub is a Maranao tobacco container made from a length of bamboo and dyed in bold colours. The CCP Encyclopedia calls it a fine example of Maranao bamboo craft.","materials":"Bamboo, dyes and paint; a lidded example in the Spencer Museum of Art, made in Lanao del Sur in the late 1800s or early 1900s, is 55.5 cm tall.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v36.pdf; https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/33841"},{"slug":"maranao-mat","name":"Maranao mat","local_name":"","kind":"mat","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"Maranao mats are woven from sesed, a local tikug sedge, in purely geometric designs whose motifs each have a name. A mat takes about 2 to 3 weeks and is sold at market to a comprador.","materials":"Sesed (tikug), dyed in colours called atar.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v36.pdf; https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/33884"},{"slug":"malong-a-andon","name":"Malong a andon","local_name":"andon (Maranao)","kind":"textile","people":"Maranao","province":"lanao-del-sur","towns":"","summary":"Andon is one of the three classes of Maranao malong, alongside landap and karangkali. Its pattern is made by tie-dyeing the thread before weaving, so the undyed parts form the motif.","materials":"Tie-dyed thread.","heritage_status":null,"sources":"https://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/CC01/monographs/1994/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v36.pdf"}]}